Evaluation of Green Development Level of a Coal Enterprise Based on the Entropy Weight–Topsis Model and Obstacle Degree Model

Abstract

To evaluate the green development level of a coal enterprise and identify its major obstacle factors, this study selected a coal enterprise as a case study, collected relevant data from 2021 to 2025, and constructed an evaluation index system with four dimensions: economic development, resource and energy utilization, environmental friendliness, and green innovation and environmental governance. The entropy weight–Topsis model was employed to measure the green development level of the enterprise, and the obstacle degree model was used to identify the major obstacle factors. The results showed that the overall green development level of the enterprise first increased, then declined, and subsequently recovered during the study period, with the relative closeness ranging from 0.34 to 0.55. The “environmental friendliness” dimension and the “green innovation and environmental governance” dimension had relatively large impacts on the evaluation results. The major obstacle factors exhibited distinct stage-specific characteristics. From 2021 to 2022, the main obstacle factors were environmental protection investment, ecological management, and resource utilization. From 2023 to 2025, the major obstacle factors gradually shifted toward operational efficiency, pollution control, and resource utilization.