Research Progress in Fire Dynamics and PyroSim/FDS Numerical Simulation of Smoke Movement in a Semi-Enclosed Space

摘要

To improve the connection between fire-dynamics review and engineering-oriented numerical simulation, this paper reviews research progress in heat release rate characterization, fire plumes and ceiling jets, smoke-layer development, flame spread, and numerical modeling methods. A PyroSim/FDS model is then established for a semi-enclosed compartment to compare temperature fields, smoke-layer height, visibility, and ventilation effects under different fire sizes, opening conditions, and mechanical exhaust scenarios. The computational domain is 12.0 m x 6.0 m x 4.0 m, with a 2.0 m x 2.0 m doorway, a 1.5 m x 1.0 m side window, and a 1.0 m x 1.0 m fire source. Large eddy simulation is adopted to describe the smoke movement. The results show that, in the 2.0 MW baseline case, the smoke layer descends to 2.0 m at approximately 222 s, while the far-field visibility at a height of 1.5 m decreases to 15 m at approximately 216 s. Closing the side window significantly accelerates smoke accumulation, whereas mechanical exhaust keeps the smoke-layer height above 2.79 m and the visibility at approximately 29.2 m at 300 s. The proposed framework, which combines literature review, model-credibility control, and multi-index safety evaluation, provides a reference for fire-risk assessment and smoke-control optimization in semi-enclosed spaces.